When building or upgrading a computer, one of the most crucial components to consider is the motherboard. Not only does it serve as the central hub for all your computer's components, but its size also determines the type of case you can use and the hardware you can install. In this article, we'll explore the various motherboard sizes, also known as form factors, to help you make an informed decision for your next PC build.
Introduction to Motherboard Form Factors
Motherboard form factors are standardized specifications for motherboard dimensions and mounting hole locations. These standards ensure compatibility between motherboards, cases, and power supplies from different manufacturers. Let's dive into the most common form factors you'll encounter.
Standard ATX (Advanced Technology Extended)
The ATX form factor is the most common and versatile motherboard size:
- Dimensions: 12 x 9.6 inches (305 x 244 mm)
- Features: Typically supports up to 7 expansion slots
- Best for: Full-sized desktop PCs, gaming rigs, and workstations
- Advantages: Offers the most expansion options and cooling potential
ATX motherboards provide ample space for multiple GPUs, sound cards, and other expansion cards, making them ideal for high-performance systems.
Micro-ATX (mATX)
Micro-ATX is a smaller version of the standard ATX:
- Dimensions: 9.6 x 9.6 inches (244 x 244 mm)
- Features: Usually supports up to 4 expansion slots
- Best for: Compact desktops and budget builds
- Advantages: Good balance between size and functionality
mATX boards offer a good compromise between the expansiveness of ATX and the compactness of smaller form factors.
Mini-ITX
Mini-ITX is the smallest commonly available motherboard size:
- Dimensions: 6.7 x 6.7 inches (170 x 170 mm)
- Features: Typically has only one expansion slot
- Best for: Small form factor PCs, HTPCs, and portable builds
- Advantages: Allows for extremely compact and space-efficient systems
Despite its small size, Mini-ITX boards can often accommodate high-end CPUs and GPUs, making them popular for compact gaming rigs.
Extended ATX (E-ATX)
E-ATX is larger than standard ATX, designed for high-end and enthusiast systems:
- Dimensions: Usually 12 x 13 inches (305 x 330 mm), but can vary
- Features: Supports more expansion slots and features than ATX
- Best for: Enthusiast builds, servers, and workstations
- Advantages: Offers maximum expansion and features for complex systems
E-ATX motherboards provide extra space for additional features like more RAM slots, M.2 ports, or enhanced VRM designs.
Other Less Common Form Factors
While the above form factors cover most consumer needs, there are other, less common sizes:
Nano-ITX
- Even smaller than Mini-ITX, measuring 4.7 x 4.7 inches (120 x 120 mm)
- Used in ultra-compact and embedded systems
Pico-ITX
- One of the smallest form factors, at 3.9 x 2.8 inches (100 x 72 mm)
- Primarily used in industrial and embedded applications
XL-ATX
- Larger than E-ATX, with dimensions varying by manufacturer
- Designed for extreme enthusiast builds with multiple GPUs
Choosing the Right Motherboard Size
When selecting a motherboard size, consider:
- Case compatibility: Ensure your chosen motherboard fits your case
- Expansion needs: Consider how many PCIe slots, RAM slots, and other features you need
- Cooling requirements: Larger boards allow for better airflow and more cooling options
- Future upgradability: Bigger boards generally offer more room for future expansions
- Space constraints: Consider where you'll place your PC and choose a size accordingly
Conclusion
Understanding motherboard sizes is crucial for building a PC that meets your needs. From the expansive E-ATX to the compact Mini-ITX, each form factor has its strengths and ideal use cases. By considering your requirements for performance, expandability, and physical space, you can choose the perfect motherboard size for your next build.
FAQs
- Can I use a smaller motherboard in a case designed for a larger one? Yes, most cases support multiple motherboard sizes. However, you may need to use standoffs to properly mount a smaller board in a larger case.
- Are larger motherboards always better? Not necessarily. Larger boards offer more features and expansion options, but smaller boards can be more than sufficient for many users and allow for more compact builds.
- Can I use ATX power supplies with all motherboard sizes? Generally, yes. ATX power supplies are compatible with most motherboard form factors, though some very small cases may require specialized power supplies.
- Do all motherboard sizes support the same CPUs? CPU support depends more on the motherboard's socket and chipset than its size. However, some high-end CPUs may only be available for larger form factors due to power and cooling requirements.
- Are there any advantages to smaller motherboards besides saving space? Smaller motherboards often consume less power and generate less heat. They can also be more affordable, making them great for budget builds.